Abstract
The review of publications on various aspects of the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis (ULD). The polymorphic genetic and congenital risk factors of the ULD, including hereditary disorders of calcium and phosphate transport systems in the
kidneys, gene mutations in somatic cells in the synthesis enzyme of purine nucleotides.
As well as an anatomical and morphological abnormalities of the kidneys, and hormonal disorders in the regulation of calcium metabolism. The polygenic risk factors of nephrolithiasis are not life-threatening conditions, but can be a direct cause of stone formation, reducing the homeostatic abilities of the kidneys to adapt the body to stress and its consequences such as an oxidative stress, leading to numerous destructive structural and functional changes in the renal tubular epithelium and the appearance in the lumen of the tubules of all components and conditions of stone formation.
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