Abstract
considerably influenced by factors such as geology, topography, climate and anthropogenic activities. It includes not only
biological factors but also physical chemical factors. The physical and chemical parameters can affect the bioavailability
of nutrients as wells as contaminants to plants and dependent animals. Monitoring the types and quantities of toxic
substances entering into the terrestrial environment is difficult due to the complexity and cost of procedures involved. Also
the determination of isolated substances by chemical assay does not detect the effects on the organisms neither inform
about the possible interactions between the substances (additive, antagonistic or synergistic).In this sense, researchers
have pointed the necessity to apply biological methodologies in order to obtain an ecosystemic approach. Biological
factors may indicate better interactive analysis, along with the possible role in the environmental balance through the biotic
indexes, derived from the observation of bioindicator species. Therefore our attempt in this study is to review different types
of biomarkers as early and sensitive indicators of soil stress.
Keywords
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References
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