Clinical Correlation of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies with Histopathological Findings and To Study the Histopathological Profile of Various Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lesions

Abstract

Background The pathological conditions of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are responsible for a wide range of morbidity and mortality and are also most commonly encountered disorder in routine clinical practice. Endoscopic visualisation helps in clinical diagnosis, however, it often warrants histopathological correlation of biopsy specimen for accurate final diagnosis.

Aim and Objectives To determine the profile of histopathological lesions of upper GIT and to correlate the various histopathological lesions of upper GIT with age, sex and clinical presentation.

Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry on 115 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies during the period of 1 year from January 2014 to December 2014. Brief clinical data were documented. The biopsies were examined for various inflammatory and
neoplastic lesions. The findings were then correlated with the clinical parameters.

Results and Conclusion Among 115 cases studied, non-neoplastic lesions were more common in gastrointestinal pathological lesions. The prevalence of gastrointestinal pathology is more common among males around the fourth and fifth decades of life. Dyspepsia and dysphagia were the most significant presenting clinical features. Helicobacter pylori association was demonstrable in nearly one-fourth of chronic gastritis cases. In gastric region, adenocarcinoma was the commonest neoplastic conditions, whereas in the oesophagus, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant. In duodenum, inflammatory lesions are more common than malignancy.